Natural resources (e.g. water), ecosystems (e.g. forests) and biodiversity provide the basis for human existence and provide numerous ecosystem services. On a global scale, we are seeing the rapidly advancing overuse and degradation of natural resources and ecosystems, as well as conflicts over the use of natural resources. This is having a particularly detrimental effect on vulnerable groups in developing countries. However, there is debate about the causes and effects of resource degradation and use conflicts. Migration may be one result of environmental changes and the overuse of resources. Trade-offs among resource users at different spatial and temporal levels can also be expected during the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. As a result, approaches will be needed to coordinate integrated and coherent resource governance at local, regional and global levels.

Against this backdrop, the cluster examines: (1) how and where resource conflicts arise; (2) the social effects of resource conflicts and resource governance; (3) the role played by different institutions in resource governance for the common good, and (4) the requirements for intersectoral coordination.