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1. Addressing the challenges of digital lending for credit markets and the financial systems in low- and middle-income countries

   

   Sommer, Christoph (2021)

   Digital lending holds great potential for the availability of finance especially during recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. This brief outlines how to address associated risks to guarantee a well-functioning and stable credit market (and financial system) that foster sustainable economic development.

2. Towards sustainable ocean governance: a call for blue climate action in international development

   

   Lehmann, Ina / Michael Siebert / Nicola Hanke / Maximilian Högl / Anna-Katharina Hornidge (2021)

   Sustainable ocean governance is of vital importance for human development. And yet life in the ocean is strongly threatened by human economic activities. This Briefing Paper outlines the way forward for a sustainable blue economy that is inclusive of local stakeholders.

3. Protecting democracy: the relevance of international democracy promotion for term limits

   

   Leininger Julia / Daniel Nowack (2021)

   International democracy support can assist pro-democracy actors to safeguard presidential term limits and thereby protect and promote democracy.

4. Priorities for a development-friendly EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)

   

   Brandi, Clara (2021)

   Der CO2-Grenzausgleichsmechanismus (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, CBAM) der Europäischen Union sollt bei der weiteren Ausbuchstabierung entwicklungsfreundlicher ausgestaltet werden. Der Fokus sollte dabei auf Ausnahmen für Entwicklungsländer und die Verwendung der CBAM-Einnahmen liegen.

5. Export curbs on essential goods in the wake of Covid-19 and the Least Developed Countries: permanent scarring from a temporary outburst

   

   Evenett, Simon (2021)

   This Briefing Paper outlines the key policy developments implicating the trade in essential goods during the first nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic and draws out the implications for development policy and trade policy cooperation.

6. Focussing European cooperation with the Middle East and North Africa on social contracts

   

   Furness, Mark / Markus Loewe (2021)

   The EU has long struggled with conflicting objectives in the MENA region, especially liberal-democratic political and economic reforms, and restrictive trade practices, migration management, and security cooperation. Focussing cooperation on the social contract offers a way out of these dilemmas.

7. Municipal development policy in Germany: current status and prospects

   

   Wingens, Christopher / Paul Marschall / Eva Dick (2021)

   Municipal development policy is growing in significance in Germany. Cities, districts and local authorities are working with numerous stakeholders to enhance their engagement in this field. The activities are being well received and having an impact in Germany and abroad.

8. Key players in accountable SDG implementation: national human rights institutions

   

   Breuer, Anita / Julia Leininger / Saionara König-Reis (2021)

   Achieving the SDGs requires the development of robust national-level accountability mechanisms. This Briefing Paper presents a cross-national overview and country examples on the role of National Human Rights Institutions in holding governments accountable in process of implementing the 2030 Agenda.

9. Key players in national SDG accountability: the role of parliaments

   

   Breuer, Anita / Julia Leininger / Kirsten Brosbøl / Léna Belly-Le Guilloux / Bora Sefa (2021)

   Achieving the ambitious SDGs requires the development of robust national-level accountability mechanisms. This Briefing Paper presents a cross-national overview and country examples on the role of parliaments in holding governments accountable in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.

10. Weather index insurance: promises and challenges of promoting social and ecological resilience to climate change

    

    Yu, Lu / Mariya Aleksandrova (2021)

    This Briefing Paper stresses the importance of enhancing knowledge on social and ecological effects of weather index microinsurance, and the need to develop a diverse set of climate risk management strategies for the poor including social protection mechanisms.